Here I will try to consider on the generation and the function of characters that have been used in Chinese which is classified to isolating language in linguistic typology.
Concerning the early forms of characters, we can verify them by the ancient inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell that were discovered at /Yinxu/ and so forth. At the first stage that is usually classified to five on the inscriptions, they already displayed the inceptive completion, from where it is very difficult to speculate the beginning shapes of characters. On vocabulary and syntax, inscriptions displayed the almost same inceptive completion. Here what is inceptive completion is meant that comprehension or speculation is practicable by the usage of modern Chinese. Therefore the generation and the function of characters are subsidiary after the inscriptions. On the situation of forming the inscriptions namely explanation to decipher inscriptions, many researches are accumulated. Here, in these researches, I proceed with consideration claiming the works of after 1990 in main.
1 Generation of characters
When we see the inscription of character /yu/ that means bringing up in English, it is impossible to doubt that this inscription shows the situation of childbirth time by woman. In this inscription the situation of childbirth is shown by three stages. First there is a figure in which woman is going to give birth to a baby crossing both arms at the front of her chest. She takes a bent-forward posture, sticks her buttocks out and bend her knees gently. Second the situation of what the waters break is shown by the signs similar to dotted lines. Third at central or under part of the waters, a new born baby is shown in the shape of baby’s head inverted. Through three factors illustrated in the inscription, character /yu/ is clearly expressed the situation of childbirth time and the immediately after the birth time.
When we see the inscription of character /yan/ that means language or speak in English, the form of the inscription is simplified or transformed considerably at the first stage of classification on inscriptions. So the explanation to decipher inscriptions is developed variously. Here I will show one interpretation including the result of Chinese archaeology in recent years. A form of character /yan/ is able to see the three parts that are upper, middle and under. According to the result of Chinese archaeology, the upper part is regarded as the tongue’s point of a bronze bell used at meeting in /Yin/ period. The central part of character /yan/ is the body of a tongue. The under part of character /yan/ is regarded to be the outside of a bell. In /Yin/ period, at the time to let the meeting begin, the bronze-like bell was ringed loudly to let the people connected to know. When the meeting was opened, the bell was inferred to put up side down on a table. That is to say, the main body of a bell is inferred to be putted up side down and the tongue of a bell is inferred to be putted upward on the form of bell’s setting. This setting of a bell is shaped regarded to become the character’s form of inscription of on bone and tortoiseshell. According to this interpretation of the inscription, /yan/ can be said to show the situation of post-notification of a meeting in /Yin/ period.
Therefore the figuration of the reversed bell was regarded to become the inscription of character /yan/.
When we see the inscription of character /geng/ that means to cross in English, we comprehend that the inscription shows the two parallel lines in which a bow pattern is included. WANG Guowei†0 regarded that this inscription is as same as the character /heng/ that means permanent or lasting in English. Now I follow his interpretation. He wrote in his paper that two up-and-down lines are both banks of a river and inner bow shaped figure is a ship which goes and returns between the banks†1. According to this interpretation, /geng/ or /heng/ shows the operations of crossing a river, that operations are permanently repeated in an identical space†1.
From the inscriptions of three characters of /yu/, /yan/ and /geng/, now we can induce or infer the following.
First, Inscriptions which are original shapes of characters, in some cases, have a proceeding time in characters themselves. That is to say, as for character /yu/, that means the time of childbirth, from beginning to end. As for character /yan/, that means the time of meeting, from announcement to being open. As for character /heng/, that means the proceeding time of crossing the river by ferry.
Second, on the inscriptions, several aspects of the various phenomena which occur on the proceeding time in characters are sometimes shown by the images or implications. As for character /yu/, remarkable aspects’ figures are bending mother’s body, amniotic fluid and new born baby†2. As for character /yan/, the one remarkable is the bell which is set in the upside down condition, which means the announcement of meeting which was already opened a few minutes ago. The other remarkable is the same bell which is set on the table in the upside down condition, which means the meeting is now going†3. As for character /heng/, remarkable aspects are both banks and a ferry boat.
Third, on the inscriptions, several aspects, which are shown by the remarkable figures, transmit the messages. As for character /yu/, babybirth from mother’s body, the situation of birth time and new baby appeared in this world are transmitted simultaneously by the one character /yu/. As for character /yan/, transmitting is announcement of meeting, opening of meeting and contents of being discussed by the meeting. As for character /heng/, work of crossing the river, reach the opposite bank of the river and repetitions of these works, namely, constancy are transmitted for the information.
Therefore from the induction or inference on the generation of character’s meaning above mentioned, the following function of characters is led for us.
2 Function of characters
First, the time-proceeding aspect being inhered in every character has the strong tendency toward the most distinctive information of the real world. As for character /yu/, while woman is giving birth to a baby, the most distinctive information is the figure of mother’s body bending, and after birth, the existence of a new baby becomes the most distinctive information†2. The various grammatical functions of one character are generated from the time proceeding and successive phenomena of distinctive aspects in the real world.
As for character /yu/, at the birth time, verbal aspect of giving birth is emphasized, but after birth nounal aspect of a new born baby oneself is emphasized. As for character /yan/, before the meeting verbal aspect of telling the opening is the most important thing, but while being opened or after the meeting the nounal aspect of speaking content of the meeting is the most valuable thing†3.
Second, when two or over two characters are connected, every character wants to emphasizes selecting one distinctive aspect inherent in oneself, and want to connect to the other character or characters. Because if two or over two aspects is transmitted, there will appear the non-clearness in the information. As for character /yu/, connection with character /sheng/ (which means grow in English), namely /sheng yu/, in this situation /yu/ means give birth to in English. Connection with /cai/ (which means a person of talent in English), namely /yu cai/, in this situation /yu/ means educate in English. That is to say, character /yu/ has two phases of meanings. One is concerned with the situation of child-birth of mother’s body. The other is concerned with the situation of a person that is already growing.
Third, every character has several aspects of inherent time inclination. When there is a connection of two characters, each character has the choosing operation from the several meanings in the character. Two or over two characters generate a new meaning complex by the operations of choosing the most precedent meaning in the each. This complex can maintain the new clearness of information on the connection of characters which have many branches of meanings in total.
For example, from above mentioned characters /yu/, /yan/ and /heng/, when two characters /heng/ and /yan/ are connected to one word /heng yan/, /heng/ chooses the meaning constant in English and /yan/ chooses the meaning utterance in English. New meaning complex is the expression by the stable person. This /heng yan/ appears in the Chinese classic Mengzi by the complex meaning.
Then, when every individual character does selectivity of aspects, what functions does work in the characters? On the other hand, when two or over two characters connect by the choosing the most precedent meaning respectively, what functions does work out of the characters?
3 Self selectivity of function on character
Now I examine the situation of what two or over two characters connect and generate the new aspect complex. For instance, I adopt above mentioned characters connection word /heng yan/.
In the first place, /yan heng/, which is a reverse disposition of /heng yan/, is examined. This characters disposition is not notified as the one word generally in the Chinese. This characters set is usually recognized as a sentence. The meaning is <The utterance is eternal.> in English. That is to say, this characters set does not generate new aspect complex and two aspects of every individual character form in a line. Why this divergence, namely generating word or sentence, occurs in the characters disposition?
Here I infer that< time property inherent in characters> is worked. Detailed inference is mentioned below.
On <time inherent in characters>, time has various longitudes, from short to long. As the case stands that two times in two characters touch in succession and the former character’ time is longer than the latter character’ time, these two characters connect tightly and generate a new aspect complex. But on the reverse situation, that is to say, the former character has shorter time than the latter character, these two characters have the difficulty to generate a new aspect complex, every individual character has a tendency to stand alone each other.
As for characters connection /heng yan/, character /heng/ has <an eternally long time> inherent, on the other hand, character /yan/ has <a temporary short time>. Like this connection of characters that the former is long time inherent and the latter is short time inherent, a new aspect complex is generated in principle.
Therefore characters /heng yan/ become one word and characters /yan heng/ become one sentence which is constituted from the two characters.
That is to say, on Chinese language that is classified to isolating language in linguistic typology, for there are no phenomena of declension, the main them of the grammatical functions is the break of words, namely characters, and the selection of parts of speech.
On the decision of grammatical functions, now I institute two conceptions for language. One is <time inherent in characters>. The other is <self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters>.
<Time inherent in characters> is above mentioned. <Self selectivity of aspects> is also above mentioned. Say over again, when time inherent in the successive character is shorter than the former character’s, two characters are composed and become one word. But the latter is longer than the former; two characters are not composed and become one sentence.
As a result, there become two divergences. One is the generation of a new aspect complex. The other is succession of two individual aspects. The former become a word. The latter become a sentence.
This distinction leads a new view for the generation of lexis and the structure of syntax. Time inherent in characters is examined by the property of characters, especially by the inscriptions on bone and tortoiseshell in ancient China. Therefore <self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters> is a hypothesis in the present stages.
4 Time principle on language
Generally, recognition of word or structure of meaning on word, which is estimated one of the most important themes on linguistics, is extremely difficult to examine for long time. For the examination of the theme, now I chose the inscriptions on ancient China. These inscriptions are the most effective materials for analysing the structure of meaning on language. Then, one of the most effective means is to verify <Time inherent in characters> and <Self selectivity of aspects on the combination of characters>. Now I collectively call these two factors as <Time principle on language>.
Typical actual language is the language of cooking.
We see the cooking recipe for making delicious dishes.
4
Typical imaginary language is the language of religion.
We pray the absolute being for our happiness.
5
Actual language and imaginary language are made contrast with actual number and imaginary number on mathematics.
6
Actual and imaginary quanta are separated from the real world and place to a certain point of language world. They will always leave for the real world. This tendency guarantees all the languages ultimate credibility.
Quantum of language sends messages to the next Quantum. In this situation the former Quantum moves toward the next quantum by the tendency of language. As the result, two quanta can posses the proper relation under the stable circumstance.
Two quanta are complied with the rules, especially < connection rule> and <separation rule>.
Then word and sentence are generated. At last the standstill of sentence emerges from the language world to the real world. Language separation from the real world ends in our world.
Letter to RM From Ideogram to Quantum-Nerve Theory QNT. 23 November 2019
To RM,
Ideogram Paper 1-16 is a basis of my study since 1960s in the age 20s.
In those days, I had been roaming the streets at old bookshops of Kanda in the central Tokyo mainly searching books of Qing dynasty’s strict written language’s analysis for deciphering Yin’s logograph 2500 years ago, which were at first deciphered by WANG Guowei who was the pilot of my study.
After roaming days in 2000s, I started writing several papers hinted by WANG Guowei and the like. One of them written in 2004. This is a new one step for my study to the later QNT.
May your days be safe and happy.
Regards,
23 November 2019 T.A.
Property of Quantum TANAKA Akio
<1> 1 A thing which is expressed by utterance corresponds to a Chinese character onto which thing is projected. Therefore in Chinese language oral language is close to written language. 2 Chinese character consists of a quantum or more than two quanta. 3 A quantum consists of indicators. 4 An indicator has a signification and a period. 5 A signification is an element. 6 A period is an element. A signification is a simplified easy writable shape projected from an enduring thing in the real world. 7 A period is an evidently partitioned artificial time in which thing in the real world exists imaginarily. Therefore circumstance of a thing in the real world can surmise from a periodical element. 8 When more over two indicators gather in a quantum, newly constructed period is generally shortened than each peculiarly possessing periods. Since indicators are restricted one another by their own possessing period. But occasionally composite period is longer than each inner indicator. 9 Character /ri/ sun is made by one indicator. The indicator has one significant element and one periodical element. A signification is “sun”. A period is “eternal”. Character /yue/ moon is made by one indicator. The indicator has one significant element and one periodical element. A signification is “moon”. A period is “eternal”. When /ri/ and /yue/ gather in a quantum, new character is made by the two indicators /ri/ and /yue/. This new character is /ming/. It means light in English.Newly constructed period is shortened than each possessing period. The period is a light time and a light place in peculiar situation. For example, /Tian ming le./ means in English Dawn broke. This is a general instance. 10 Character /yu/ bring up is made by three indicators. According to /jia gu wen/ inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, three indicators are below. First indicator is woman bending forward. Second indicator is bodily fluid at child birth. Third indicator is newly born child. The period being projected onto the character /yu/ is longer than three indicators. Newly made period of /yu/ is continuative period of three periods of indicators. Namely character /yu/ has a period of composite, which is a period of three continuative occurring situations. The situations are below. First is the preparation for birth, woman bending forward. Second is the state of what the waters broke from the mother’s body. Third is a baby coming to our world. Therefore the period of the newly constructed character /yu/ is rather long from the preparation of birth to the bringing up a child. <2> 1 Each quantum has a periodical situation projected from the things of the real world. 2 When two quanta are continuously located from the shorter one to the longer another, two quanta link up tightly. This situation is called joining. Joining is defined. 3 Generally, the quanta projected from the things in the real world have longer periods, and quanta projected from the movements in the real world have shorter period because of the time currency in the real situations. Things are located eternally in the same place with no particular power, on the centrally movements are ceaselessly move and change in the real world. 4 For example, in Chinese language, /jiao/ teach and /shi/ room are joined well and become the word /jioashi/, meaning classroom in English. Word is defined. But /shi/ and /jiao/ are not joined. Two quanta are located separately and become the sentence /Shi/ /jiao/, meaning in the classroom I teach. Sentence is defined. 5 For example, in Chinese, /wo/ I and /ren/ human being have similar periods because of living things in the real world. So /Wo ren/ become one sentence, meaning I am a human being. When three quanta such as /wo/ /xue/ learn and /ren/ are located in this order, /wo/ and /xue/ are separated because a period of /wo/ is longer than a period of /xue/. Next, /xue/ and /ren/ are joined well because a period of /xue/ is shorter than /ren/. So /xue ren/ become one word, meaning learner. Therefore /wo xue ren/ means I am a learner. But occasionally /xue/ happens to be longer than /ren/ at periodical situation. In such case, /ren/ means a shorter concept of human being, human nature for instance. This concept human nature is an abstraction, not real thing in the world. Abstractive concept has a shorter period than the real thing because of the functionality of quantum. The definition of function is defined below. In this case /wo xue ren/ means I learn human nature. <3> 1 Indicators of quanta have significations which are projected from the things in the real world. But this projection occasionally does not function in the process of the language history. The main cause of this phenomenon is no or few use of the things in the transition of life style of our human beings. In such cases indicators have no significations. And the periods in the indications disappear simultaneously, leaving the shapes and the sounds in the quanta. For example, Chinese character /bu/ originally means the partial name of the flower, that is to say, the indicator of quantum was projected from the flowers in the real world. But this significant indicator disappears early in the Chinese language history. Simultaneously the periodical indicator, that is almost equal to the flowering time, disappears in the language world. The shape and the sound in the quantum remain afterwards. And the sound functions later, indicating the sound-alike-quantum which has a negative meaning in the language world. Here the functional word /bu/, in English means not, comes into existence. 2 Functional word is not projected from the real world. For this reason functional words generally have a minute period in oneself 3 When functional word is located in front of the word which have a longer period, two words can connect well and make a one-word-alike phrase. For example, Chinese character /bu/ not and /du/ read make a phrase, meaning not read in English. On the contrary /du/ and /bu/ cannot connect well. So these two words make a sentence, meaning read or do not read in English. 4 Functional words generally possess composite meaning. For example Chinese character /bu/ means negation, in English means not. This concept of negation is followed after the concept of existence. In other words, /bu/ means the situation that after a minute period existence changes non-existence. Here Chinese character /ye/ means the concept of conclusion. This is also a functional word. The function of this character is the continuance of the situation, in which after a minute period the things remains the same place. 5 Chinese sentence /Wo shi ren ye./ means I am a human being. in English. Connecting and not-connecting of this sentence is below./Wo shi ren ye./ Here /shi/ and /ye/ are functional word, possessing a minute periods./Shi/ is clearing the thesis on the declaration./Ye/ is the conclusion./Wo/ is I in English, longer period./Ren/ is Human being in English, also longer period. The period of /wo/ is longer than /shi/.The period of /shi/ is shorter than /ren/.The period of /ren/ is longer than /ye/.
Tokyo May 21, 2004 For the memory of Hakuba August 23, 2003 Sekinan Research Field of Language https://www.sekinan.org
[Postscript 2 / January 12, 2008] <Typographical error is corrected from /zhe/ to /shi/./Wo shi ren ye./ is expressed by Chinese characters, 「我是人也。」.> [Postscript 3 / January 12, 2008]
Farewell to language universals. Letter to WPM. Along the ridges of the mountains. On Aurora Theory. 6th Edition. 11 December 2019
Why climb mountain. Climb for existence. MIYATA Hachiro Mountain photographer, Japan – 2018
Letter to WPM Along the ridges of the mountains On Aurora Theory
Dear WPM,
Thanks a lot for RTs and probably for your lasting love on language. Now I am uploading Aurora Theory 2006 and its relevant papers to WordPress. At this occasion, I will write some memories on Aurora Theory.
1
In August 2003, I stayed at Hakuba, Nagano, Japan, where Japan North Alps can be seen under the cerulean sky. I love the place for long time. Nagano is the place father and mother was born and grew up. So I also visited time to time, especially summer seasons escaping the heat at Tokyo. Ancestors’ land is the east from Hakuba over the one mountain range where Chikuma River flows north to Niigata area at where I enjoyed fishing in child days.
At that summer I would write over a paper to send a certain international symposium’s secretariat to announce a theory in December 2003 at Nara, old capital of Japan in early 700s A.D. But the theory was deadlocked at the minimal unit of language, which form cannot be seen in my mind.
One night I took a walk to renew my mind and dropped in a only-one-light-upped convenience store. In the store I saw a leaflet of electric device. This was a opportunity to solve a question of the paper.
But precise mathematical definition of quantum was not uncertain at that point in summer 2003. Clear description of mathematical quantum was waited till 2008.
Aurora theory and Aurora Time Theory was written in 2006 atthe premonition of quantum’s transcendentality for its flexibility and freedom through Time in Language.
Thus the first, the second, the forth papers of Aurora Theory was presented at my Web in 2006.
It maybe that time contained in language is thought suspiciously. In Japan, of course in China, Chinese character is used till now, at least historically from Yin Dynasty, some 2400 years ago.
Chinese character is one of ideograms, but almost of which are not used in the Occident at present day by various reasons, such as not-easy to writing, typically hieroglyph at old Egypt.
It is not so questionable that these ideograms has time or time-like function in their forms at the Orient, for example, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and so forth, because of ever using Chinese characters for written language.
Fortunately we can now verify through Chinese characters that they contain time in themselves or not. But almost Westerner do not use ideograms now. So I wrote several papers to mainly Westerners taking broad sense of ideograms, for example picture, pictograph, LATEX and so forth.
One question. Do you think that picture contains time in it?
Now my relevant papers are arranged and titled to Ideogram Paper. Refer to the next.
Now above 16 papers, I present one invitational paper titled The Days of Ideogram 2017.
The Days of Ideogram Ideogram from hieroglyph to LATEX Symbol List Note added Edition
The Days of Ideogram Ideogram from hieroglyph to LATEX Symbol List
Mark * in the text shows Reference number.
1. Ideogram Ideogram has long history. In the early paper I ever simply defined ideogram*0-1. I also wrote relative papers on ideogram from the viewpoint of Chinese characters*3-1, 3-2, 3-3. Especially Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language 2003 is a starting root of my research on language universals*3-2. The history of ideogram continues from Egyptian hieroglyph to Chinese character and now adds LATEX Symbol List*6-1. The 21st century will necessarily become the century of ideogram. The reasons are below.
Ideogram can contain rich information in small space.
Ideogram can show information at a glance.
Ideogram can sustain information stably in long time*1-7.
Ideogram has fertile capability to superb diversity of languages*8-5.
2. Set theory Probably in summer 1977, I was designing for a paper on the sentence in language. The central part of the paper was connection between words or sentence, in which the logic of language would be shown using the set theory as a simplified model of true and false. I was strongly influenced from Kurt Godel, Gaishi Takeuchi and Bourbaki*1-1. But this design was abandoned for my lack of mathematical basis keeping on.
3. Qing dynasty’s linguistics In 1980s and 1990s I was lost in learning Chinese classical character theory, Xiaoxue, especially Qing dynasty for ideogram’s fundamental property*2-1. At this period I did not write any paper on language. I solely read WANG Guowei*1-2, WANG Yinzhi, DUAN Yucai and Qing dynasty’s linguists.
4. Time property in characters In Autumn 2002 I got pneumonia and was hospitalized about 2 weeks, where I thought of 1970s’ dream, writing clear description on language universals by mathematics. The theme was as hard as ever. So, at the bed I thought the basis of language from a side of Chinese character’s classical approach which had vast heritage till Qing dynasty. I directed my attention to the character’s figure which had compound meanings containing time elements continuing from Yin dynasty’s hieroglyphic characters left on bones and tortoise carapaces some 2400 years ago. I thought that Chinese characters had containing time and its structure could be written by geometric approach once I had abandoned for difficulty. After leaving hospital, I wrote a paper titled On Time Property Inherent in Characters*3-1.
5. Quantum elements In 2003 staying at Hakuba, Nagano, I wrote a rial paper on language universals from the viewpoint of physics. This was remained manuscript till now. The title was Manuscript ofQuantum Theory for Language*3-2 for the time being. Because in summer 2003 I wrote the first paper on language universals from physics titles as Quantum Theory for Language*3-3 which was read at a conference held in winter 2003 of Nara Japan. 6. Finite generative Language probably begins from finite elements and generates.*3-6, 3-7 its world responding to outer world. I learned the concept of finite generative from von Neumann Algebra*4-1 at around 2006 and 2007.
7. Structure and dimension Language probably has structure, which details are unknown now for me. But several phenomena hints me the existence of structure containing dimension. Its example is shown at the Crete’s lie, on which I wrote a tiny paper titled as True-false problem of the Crete*3-8in 2013. More details on mathematical approach to dimension is shown at Algebraic Geometry Language*4-2.
8. Immanent time Chinese character has immanent time in figure *3-1, 3-4. On the theme I wrote several papers between 2003 and 2005. Main papers related with the theme are seen in Early Paper and Early Paper 2*5-1, 5-2. For the immanent time, I wrote a mathematical paper titles as Word as Infinite Loop Space*3-9. In comparison with Chinese character, hieroglyph is very fantastic object on ideogram. For more details, hieroglyph is more complex for describing the concept using two functions, logogram expressing things’ meaning and phonogram expressing words’ pronunciation*0-2, 8-3. Besides hieroglyph has also definitive element which is put at the end of the word. This element is very similar to Chinese character’s meaning element which is called Pang 旁 in Chinese*8-3. But even for learning hieroglyph’s basis, I have not enough time now. I only like to see the relative events on hieroglyph at time to time . The exhibition held at Mori Arts Gallery in 2012, Tokyo titled as The British Museum ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BOOK OF THE DEAD JOURNEY THROUGH THE AFTERLIFE *8-2 was very fantastic, in which The Greenfield Papyrus was overwhelming.
9. Disposition, distance, flow and boundary For thinking of language, I have been interested in four elements, disposition, distance flow and boundary*3-10,11,12, 13, which seem to become the basis of language. especially at researching ideogram, disposition is fundamental to construct grammar.
10. Energy, dimension and distance For more further research language , now I suppose at least three elements being based from mathematical description, which are energy, dimension and distance*3-14.
11. Mapping and category Ideogram now has an important part in computer age. Image confirmation is very popular at internet banking system, which can contain vast information in one image, so password decoding is more difficult than phonogram or Arabic numerals. Generally ideogram has vast information to the others using comparatively easy way. This ideograms situation resembles mapping at category theory in mathematics. For this point I wrote rough sketch to apply category theory to language theory. Sketch name is Derived Category Language 2016*4-3.
From the upper study, ideogram has special features as the next.
1. Ideogram is one style of writing language, rather near to image than letter. 2. Ideogram has potential to connects image and letter. 3. One ideogram generally contains more information than letter. 4. Ideogram has possibility to researching object by mathematics especially algebraic approach. 5. Ideogram has geographical and historical rich fields from Mesopotamia, Egypt to China. 6. I take Chinese character for my research’s object.
This paper is also a survey of time from modern physics side, Schrodinger, Tomonaga and Dirac. Please read this paper by the upper paperbottom’sPDF Edition which is no errata of Web-print-version.
Best regards,
T. A. Tokyo Text partly revised 4 December 2019 SRFL Paper
P.S. The latest work on quantum theory is shown at the next.
P.P.S Added from 4th Edition Being led by quantum 4 December 2019
My mathematical restart of language study was begun in March 2003, when I wrote a manuscript on quantum situation in language. At that time I had not sufficient understanding on Drinfel’d’s concept of quantum group by my poor ability of modern algebra.
The manuscript text was written in Japanese only, sorry not exist English version. Preface and Note are written in English. All the texts are the following. The study themes indicated at the manuscript was hard targets for my ability till now. My road is still succeeding to the future.
Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language 2003-2019 Newly revised edition
Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language Contents Preface 1 Quantization of language 2 Appearance and disappearance of quantum 3 Conjugation and class of quantum 4 Encoding of quantum and assembled quanta 5 Progress and class of quantum groups 6 Basic principle of quantum theory Note Note 2
————————————————————————————— Manuscript of Quantum Theory for Language
TANAKA Akio Preface 以下に示す「言語の量子理論」は、英文で書かれたQuantum Theory for Language の草稿となるもので、２００３年３月に長野県白馬の白馬アルプスホテルで書かれたものである。発表するのは今回が初めてである。いままで発表しなかったのは、この草稿がまったく資料のないホテルの部屋できわめて短時間のうちに書かれたものであり、そのためその内容が非常に直感的で、通常の論考とは異なる、私にとってはかなり先鋭的なものであったためである。しかも論考は途中で終わり未完のままである。２００３年１２月に或るシンポジウムで発表するためにこの草稿をもとに書き上げたQuantum Theory for Languageでは、論考の趣旨はほぼ一貫しながらもその表現をより穏やかなものにした記憶がいまもはっきりと残っている。しかし現在この草稿を読み返してみると、私が２００３年当時気にした直感性や先鋭さは、やはり私の言語論の本質に深く根ざしたものであり、ほぼ十年におよぶ言語に関する数学的な記述を経て振り返ると、私が今なお書き残しているもっとも重要ないくつかの主題は、ほぼこの草稿に記されたものであることを私はあらためて確認するに至っている。言語の量子化、量子の出現と消滅、量子の接合と階層、量子集合体、量子群の進行と階層、陽性量子と陰性量子、量子の意味とエネルギー。いずれも私にとって、依然として未知であり魅惑的であり続ける。今後私はふたたびこの草稿の位置にもどり、あらためてみずからの思考を紡いてゆくことになるであろう。老年の今となっては、本質は形態に先行し、もっとも表現したいものを、私にとってそれにもっともふさわしい方法で記述してゆくこととなるであろう。いくばくかの時間がなお残されているのであればだが。二十歳のころ恩師が教えてくれた句は今もそのまま生きている。いざゆかん雪見にころぶところまで。 ２０１５年３月２３日、東京にて記す。
Note 22 December 2017 This manuscript was written at a hotel of Hakuba, Nagano, Japan in March 2003, where my family stayed for hot spring and ski. In autumn 2002, I thought of relationship between time and characters inspired by WANG Guowei’s paper written on old Chinese character’s studies, one of which he declared that character heng 亙 was imaged from a ship coming and going the banks. This character contained the notation of the continuous time of ship operation between the banks. But if character contain the time going, character seemed to have any existence of inherent energy in it.
Definition of quantum in this manuscript was intuitive while in my mind there was rather precise image that was not able to write by mathematical approach in the days of 2003.Now the situation has been changed drastically through development of quantum group. Particularly from the Drinfeld’s speech at the international mathematician conference in 1984.I wrote the simple trial paper on quantum group in 2008. Kac-Moody Lie Algebra Note 2 Quantum Group 2008 Papers related on the pre-thought on quantum group is seen at SRFL Lab. SRFL Lab’s Preparatory paper
P.S. 3Added from 5th Edition Now remembering Aurora Theory. As the first language model.
The purpose of SRFL was the study of language universals mainly using mathematical method. The execution of the plan, mathematically simple model was inevitably needed. From 2003 continuous try and error, Aurora Theory was probably the first success work at that time’s my mathematical level combining theory’s beauty and usefulness. In those days I want to expand as language model freer and wider space than ever thinking. One conclusion was adoption of objective space.
Time passed by rapidly. My study’s main concern has been changed to the root or foundation of Language. So clearly conscious paper on language model was perhaps Lang Model 2012, at which I . At the paper, I quoted Lang conjecture (S.Lang 1974).
1. Lang conjecture (S.Lang 1974) Algebraic field F ( finite dimensional overfield over Q ) is defined over projective algebraic variety V. For a certain embedding F -> C, V is seen that V is seen as complex projective algebraic variety. If V is Kobayashi hyperbolic, V ( F ) is finite set. 2. Shafarevich conjecture ( I.Shafarevich 1963) F is algebraic field. OF is integer ring of F. Finite subset and integer are fixed. When the upper conditions are satisfied, g dimensional Abelian variety over F and genius g's algebraic curves that degenerate in only S at most only exist finite number. 3. Interpretation 3.1 Finiteness of words by Shafarevich conjecture Language := FSentence := OFWord := SWord's dimension := gWord's meaning := genius g's algebraic curves 3.2 Grammar (Connection of words) by Lang conjecture Language := FGrammar (Words' connection rule) := Kobayashi hyperbolicity 4. References 4.1 On dimension and meaning Quantum Theory for Language 2004 4.2 On Kobayashi hyperbolicity Ditance Theory 2004 From Distance to Pseudo-Kobayashi-Distance 2012
After studying language model, I turned the main object to the root of language, for which the two sites have been ready now, one is widely shown the root of language, the another is limited at Quantum-Nerve Theory.
Quantum-Nerve Theory is the latest theory of SRFL in Sekinan Library. The theory has researched into the root of language. Sekinan Library was founded in 1986. SRFL was founded in 2003.
Farewell to language universals. Letter to WPM. Along the ridges of the mountains. On Aurora Theory. 6th Edition. 11 December 2019
In 2003, when I started SRFL, I wrote Declaration in which the aim of SRFL is studying language universals, as the following.
Declaration
TANAKA Akio
Sekinan Research Field of Language was established at Hakuba Nagano Japan on August 23, 2003. It is abbreviated to SRFL. The aim of SRFL is the research for the language universals. Quantum theory for language is especially considered. Partially the research will be useful for clarifying the quantification of language. Also through the research, language will be a little close to the human being.
Tokyo April 23, 2004 April 11, 2014 Revised
What hauling the study was in the Linguistic Circle of Prague and one of the circle’s member Sergej Karcevskij. But along with time passing, my main study had been gradually declining to mathematical approach, avoiding the intuitive expressions in the linguistic main trend.
In 2013, I wrote a essay titled Half Farewell to Sergey Karcevskij and the Linguistic Circle of Prague as the following.
Half Farewell to Sergej Karcevskij and the Linguistic Circle of Prague with References
TANAKA Akio
I have thought on language through the rich results of the linguistic Circle of Prague and its important member Sergej Karcevskij. But now my recent thinking has inclined towards algebraic or arithmetic geometrical method and description. Probably it is the time of half farewell to those milestones which led me to the standing place here with rather sufficient results in my ability. Great thanks to all that always encouraged me for hard and vague target on language especially meaning and its surroundings. And also to CHINO Eiichi with love and respect who taught me all the bases of language study.For recent results see the following papers group named AGL Arithmetic Geometry Language and related essays.
In 2012, I also wrote a paper titled Lang Model, which seems to be the final model paper of language universal, remembering now. After this paper, I did not write any papers directly dealing with language universals or language’s model papers.
sekinanmodel Lang Model
TANAKA Akio
1. Lang conjecture (S.Lang 1974)
Algebraic field F ( finite dimensional overfield over Q ) is defined over projective algebraic variety V.
For a certain embedding F -> C, V is seen that V is seen as complex projective algebraic variety.
If V is Kobayashi hyperbolic, V ( F ) is finite set.
2. Shafarevich conjecture ( I.Shafarevich 1963)
F is algebraic field.
OF is integer ring of F.
Finite subset
and integer
are fixed.
When the upper conditions are satisfied, g dimensional Abelian variety over F and genius g's algebraic curves that degenerate in only S at most only exist finite number.
3. Interpretation
3.1 Finiteness of words by Shafarevich conjecture
Language := F Sentence := OFWord := SWord's dimension := gWord's meaning := genius g's algebraic curves 3.2 Grammar (Connection of words) by Lang conjecture
Language := F Grammar (Words' connection rule) := Kobayashi hyperbolicity
4. References
4.1 On dimension and meaning
Quantum Theory for Language 2004
4.2 On Kobayashi hyperbolicity
Ditance Theory 2004From Distance to Pseudo-Kobayashi-Distance 2012This paper's description is unfinished.Tokyo17 June 2012Sekinan Research Field of LanguageHeed:
This print contains errata at Web print.
Please refer to the next correct original paper.https://sekinanmodel.wiki.zoho.com/Lang-Model.html
Main papers dealing with Language universals are the following.
Since 2013 I had individually gone forwards to Dimension, Flow and Energy aparting from language universals. Main papers dealing with dimension was the next.
Papers on language dimension In chronological order
The object that was strongly attracted wasEnergy, which was the real root of language and the origin of generating all the languages and their relative matters. Main papers are the following.
The energy of language seems to be one of the most fundamental theme for the further step-up study on language at the present for me. But the theme was hard to put on the mathematical description. Now I present some preparatory papers written so far.
1. Around 2008, I was thinking on energy in language related with distance in language. Distance is one of the kernel themes of my study of language universals in those days. In simply saying, distance is the result of movement and for movement there must inevitably needs energy. So I had thought that if language have distance, there must be energy or its alike in language that is supposed in mathematical models. But in my ability in 2008, I could not develop the deep and wide range of language from the theme, energy and distance. So Energy Distance Theory was still now unfinished.
2. In another approach of my study on language universals, Edward Sapir’s Language, 1921 was one of my favourite books between 1970s and early 1980s. In his book, the most fantastic concept for me was Drift, that indicated the vast movement of language system itself. I ever gave brief account on it.
Edward Sapir’s Language, 1921 showed me the dynamism of language proposing the concept, drift. Drift shows us the macro phase of natural language and I was hinted by Sapir’s this concept and proposed the micro phase of natural language. The paper “Quantum Theory for Language” is my first total proposal paper describing the natural language’s model.
3. My language study started from the reading of Old China’s Qing dynasty’s huge linguistic inheritance, “Xiaoxue”, in English Small Study , that is contrary to the name, the most basic and difficult study of classical texts of old China. I particularly loved the books written by WANG Guowei and WANG Yinzhi and DUAN Yucai. The main book list to which I referred in those days between the age 20s and 40s are shown at the next.
Guantangjilin is the selection of works by WANG Guowei, which contents contains vast area of history, literature and linguistics. Some people say that his works is a thousand-year peak from Song era’s philosopher SHU Xi. I bought his book at Haifeng shudian, Kanda, Tokyo in my mid 20s. The date of colophon is February 1973, publisher is Zhonghua shuju Xianggang fenju.
Probably I bought it in 1973 or 1974. In those days I frequently went Haifeng shudian bookshop for buying Chinese classics, mainly Qing Dynasty’s linguistic works that is called ” Xiaoxue”, Small study at China. Guantangjilin is a very difficult book to understand by my poor study result.
His study era is from Yin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty some 2,500 years of Chinese literary history. At his vast works I was especially charmed in Qing Dynasty’s ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters, Jiaguwenzi by Chinese. After 40 years, in 2003 I wrote a small paper on language universals through this ancient Chinese hieroglyphic characters at the view point of written language.
The title is On Time Property inherent in Characters. From at that time 10 years passed by. Now I am still learning on language universals but its style is far apart from the days 2003 or 1973. Ambiguity of approach by traditional linguistics is not for my part. I dare challenge to a new frontier of description for language study using mathematics or algebraic geometry.
4. After all,Energy Distance Theory ended in the half-finished situation. But now I still eager to write and develop the papers on energy and distance. The road is long and winding as ever. I always accustomed to delay and stagnate. Some rays of light is emitting in the small study room of mine.
